Sonifications of Webb's Images of the Southern Ring Nebula

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope uncovered two views of the Southern Ring Nebula – in near-infrared light (at left) and mid-infrared light (at right) – and each has been adapted to sound. Two stars orbit one another at the center of this planetary nebula. The smaller, fainter red star in the mid-infrared image at right is at the end of its lifetime – it has puffed off layers of gas and dust for thousands of years. Its companion, the brighter, larger star in both images, has stirred up those ejections. Listeners can hear the stars and surrounding shells of material in each image clearly.

These sonifications scan the images from left to right. The new sounds were also adapted to a video, allowing sighted viewers to watch as a vertical line moves across the frame.

Several files are available for download:

• The first includes both Webb's near- and mid-infrared images.
• The second only includes sounds from the near-infrared image.
• The third file only includes sounds from the mid-infrared image.
• A complete text description of all the files are available in a single PDF.

In these sonifications, the colors in the images were mapped to pitches of sound – frequencies of light were converted directly to frequencies of sound. Near-infrared light is represented by a higher range of frequencies at the beginning of the track. Mid-way through, the notes change, becoming lower overall to reflect that mid-infrared includes longer wavelengths of light.

Listen carefully at 15 seconds and 44 seconds in the first file. These notes align with the centers of the near- and mid-infrared images, where the stars at the center of the “action” appear. In the near-infrared image that begins the track, only one star is heard clearly, with a louder clang. In the second half of the track, listeners will hear a low note just before a higher note, which denotes that two stars were detected in mid-infrared light. The lower note represents the redder star that created this nebula, and the second is the star that appears brighter and larger.

These sonifications do not represent sounds recorded in space. Two musicians mapped the telescope’s data to sound, carefully composing music that represents near- and mid-infrared light, specifically to hear their contrasts.

Download the Sonification Files

The video files are available in the column on the left side of the page linked above.

Explore Webb’s image of the Southern Ring Nebula, including its full text description, in more detail.